Electronics that use semiconductor chips and circuitry, rather than vacuum tubes. See Electronic Ballast, Electronic Dimmer, Electronic Transformer.

Electronics that use semiconductor chips and circuitry, rather than vacuum tubes. See Electronic Ballast, Electronic Dimmer, Electronic Transformer.

For an even lighting pattern, the maximum distance between fixtures, as a function of their Mounting Height. Important for spacing downlights. Also called Spacing-to-Mounting Height Ratio and abbreviated S/MH. A S/MH of 0.7 indicates fixtures should be spaced no more than 5.6′ apart for even lighting on the floor from an 8′ ceiling.

For an even lighting pattern, the maximum distance between fixtures, as a function of their Mounting Height. Important for spacing downlights. Also called Spacing-to-Mounting Height Ratio and abbreviated S/MH. A S/MH of 0.7 indicates fixtures should be spaced no more than 5.6′ apart for even lighting on the floor from an 8′ ceiling.

Fixtures with construction and lighting performance suitable for institutional, better commercial, and premium residential applications. Generally larger, with higher wattage lamps, and costlier.

Fixtures with construction and lighting performance suitable for institutional, better commercial, and premium residential applications. Generally larger, with higher wattage lamps, and costlier.

Highly polished and mirror-like. Semi-Specular Finish is generally bright but without a well-defined mirror image.

Highly polished and mirror-like. Semi-Specular Finish is generally bright but without a well-defined mirror image.

The light bouncing off of a surface, so the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection; creates a perfect, mirror image.

The light bouncing off of a surface, so the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection; creates a perfect, mirror image.